Thursday, May 16, 2013

Remember When: The Story of Two Great Large Cent Public Auctions in 1954


Part I

By Harvey G. Stack, Senior Numismatic Consultant

In previous stories I wrote about my early days at Stack’s in 1953 and 1954. These were outstanding years for our firm as we had the opportunity to sell at public auction two of the greatest sales in the mid 20th century -- the Davis Graves Collection and the Anderson Dupont Collection. I have written about these sales before, but this week and next I will focus on the outstanding large cents offered in these collections.

Both old-time and modern collectors have been attracted to large cents, especially those who are interested in variety and die study. In the 1950s interest in this classic series was growing. Around this time Stack’s published Howard Newcomb’s famous illustrated catalog entitled U.S. Large Cents 1816-1857. It was quite a unique publication as all the wording was done by hand, printed by the author, so legible it appeared to be type set, and all the illustrations were hand drawn and enlarged so that the diagnostic features of each variety could be emphasized. It was a work of art, showed years of preparation and became the standard for the late date large cent series.

Dr. William Sheldon had embarked on a similar study of the earlier large cents, 1793 to 1814, by combining various papers previously published, adding new and more current information, and his reference was first published in 1949 and became the standard for that series. Sheldon created a Condition Census, which listed the range for outstanding specimens. In order to do this he created the “numerical grading system.” This extended the description of a coin’s preservation from adjectival grades like Fine, Very Fine or Uncirculated, to numerical grades using from 1 (for the lowest grade) to 70 (the highest). To ease the transition to numbers, Sheldon paired the numerical grades with letters representing the adjectival grades, resulting in grades such as F-15, VF-30, MS-62, etc. This is the system in use today, although it took almost four decades to be fully adopted by United States collectors. In more recent years, the numerical grading system is often used for world and ancient coins by many numismatists, but is not universally accepted yet.

By late 1953 and 1954 the numerical grading system had been adopted for large cents. And who more than the creator of this system could do justice to the Davis Graves and later Anderson Dupont collections of U.S. large cents.

When the two collections arrived at Stack’s, each was laid out in large display trays with the information that came with each coin set alongside. Just looking at these two arrays was a treat in itself. Our next job was to catalog each collection and we sought out expert assistance to best showcase the coins when offered at public auction.

My father was a student of large cents and enjoyed discussing the series with the collectors and dealers who visited Stack’s. He had developed a close friendship with Dr. William Sheldon in earlier years and he hoped he could get Dr. Sheldon to help him catalog these two collections. As chance would have it, during the late 1940s and into the 1950s, Dr. Sheldon was teaching and working at the Columbia-Presbyterian University Hospital in New York City and often came into the store to say hello to Morton and find out what was new. In this case my father answered, “Have I got a surprise for you.” Of course, once Dr. Sheldon saw the coins laid out in the trays he gasped and asked where they all had come from.

My father told him these were from two very old-time collections. Dr. Sheldon looked further and said, “Mort, do you realize that I will now have to rewrite my book as the Condition Census is no longer accurate and there are a few no one ever listed for record.” “Man,” he continued after taking another breath, “would I like to work on these.” Morton, taking advantage of the exclamation replied, “How would you like to catalog both collections for Stack’s?” His response? “Boy, would I!”

So the two friends struck a deal. … 

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