Question:
As I have been taught, proof is a method of manufacture and not
condition. If so, then why is it that die trials for business strike coins are
graded with the proof designation?
— Tom W.
Answer:
Dear Tom W.,
The point you raise is a good one. I do prefer the term
“circulation strike” to “business strike.” The last was made up by Walter Breen
and may imply to some that these were coins sold at a profit as a business,
whereas they are just ordinary strikes made for circulation.
I will send a copy of this to Dennis Tucker, publisher at Whitman
Publishing, LLC, with the idea of exploring a change for the next edition of United States Patterns, by J. Hewitt
Judd, of which I am editor and which is now in the 10th edition.
It has been practice to call patterns Proof whether they were made
from polished dies or not. There are quite a few patterns that were never made
with mirrored surfaces. On the other hand, it might not be correct to call them
circulation strikes either. A compromise used by some grading services is to
call them “Specimen” or “SP,” but I am not sure that this is understandable
either. To me a Specimen would imply a very carefully and superbly made coin,
whereas some of the non-mirrored patterns are carelessly made. So, you see you
have opened up a puzzle here! Perhaps a good compromise would be to simply call
them Mint State, without adding “circulation strike.” “Mint State” can
correctly identify the surface.
Thank you for your stimulating question. I hope this helps in some
small way.
Sincerely,
Dave Bowers
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